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1957, Johannes Juul. Photo: Energy Museum
Gedser Wind Turbine was constructed by the engineer Johannes Juul in 1957 for the SEAS (Sydsjallands Elektricitets Aktieselskab) electricity company with support from the Marshall Plan. Its innovative design was a major breakthrough in the development of wind turbines.
Source: en.wikipedia.org
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1956-1957, built of Gedser Wind Turbine.
Photos: Andel Elmuseum
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Gedser Wind Turbine was officially inaugurated on July 26, 1957. Photo shows Johannes Juul as No. 5 from left. As No. 4 from right: Edward William Golding, Electricty Resarch Agency (ERA), UK.
Photo: Energy Museum
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Edward William Golding (1902-1965). Head of Rural Electrification and Wind Power Department, The British Electrical and Allied Inustries Research Association.
"Edward William Golding's contribution to the UK national program carried out by the Electricty Resarch Agency (ERA) was major, and included mostly wind & site studies. His book "The Generation of Electricity by Wind Power" was still quite popular in the 1970's, "
Source:
Golding and ERA, 1949-1965
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The OEEC (Organisation for European Economic Co-Operation) was established on 16 April 1948,
to allocate and distribute Marshall Plan aid for the countries of Western Europe.
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French Foreign Minister George Bidault signs the OEEC Charter at Quai d'Orsay on 16 April 1948.
Source: www.oecd.org/
By 1950 the ERA, under Goldings leadership, was lobbying for wind power to the Secretariat of OEECs Committee for Productivity and Applied Research.
The results of the ERAs wind power research was the basis to urge the OEEC to establish a Wind Power Working Party, thus focusing international wind power collaboration
"to study the possibility of co-operative research and development".
(..) The Wind Power Group was asked "to increase cooperation between countries by, for example, bringing together international specialists".
Source: "Edward Golding's Iinfluence on Wind Power", Wind Engineering Volume 19. No.6. 2005. Trevor J. Price.
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Collaborative research began, with OEEC support, into:
"Wind regime studies. A relatively large amount of theoretical work, backed-up by field work to verify theoretical calculations
had, by that time, been completed in the UK, France and Denmark. This meant that the essential requirements for a suitable site
could be determined. Due to the non-standardisation of methods of wind speed measurements (for example at different heights above ground level) this
was not as easy at it may seem.
The exchange of measuring equipment between countries, e.g. between the UK and France, was encouraged and
helped to standardize methodologies."
Source: "Edward Golding's Iinfluence on Wind Power", Wind Engineering Volume 19. No.6. 2005. Trevor J. Price.
Much cooperation work was carried out at the time between European wind engineers, as part of the OEECs Working Party 2 (Wind Power).
It is thanks to this forum that Juul could try out some of the French anemometers, and that Serra could derive
the first European Wind Map.
Source:
Golding and ERA, 1949-1965
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Quote from Johannes Juul's Speech, UN-Conference, Rome, 1961.
"Figure 1 shows a map of Western Europe on which - in this case of Denmark - the measurements from SEAS and the (Danish) Meteorological Institute are plotted. In Germany the measurements are from the Meteorological Office for Northwest Germany, in Great Britain from Electrical Research Association and in France by Electricite de France."
Source:
"Design of Wind Power Plants in Denmark"
1954 - The OEEC Wind Power Working Group publishes technical documents from member states
"Perhaps one of the most important results of the formation of the OEEC Wind Power Group was to bring together global wind power experts who had "a real and practical interest in the development of wind power." Before the Wind Power Group had been formed, there was no international organzation like it, and so, such collaboration was warmly
welcomed by the wind power industry and it soon became apparent that much could be achieved by the free exchange of information and co-operative research."
Source: "Edward Golding's Iinfluence on Wind Power", Wind Engineering Volume 19. No.6. 2005. Trevor J. Price.
Below, quotes/photos and a link to the publication from the OEEC Wind Power Working Party
1954 - Technical Papers presented to the OEEC Wind Power Working Party 2, incl. "Conversion of Wind Power Plant from Direct Current to Alternating Current Output" by Johannes Juul.
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Fig.No. 1.: "As part of the experimental work currently carried out by SEAS, it was decided in 1951 to convert the Bogoe test-turbine from direct current to alternating current."
Source: Johannes Juul.
"Through Wind Power Group's support from the OEEC, wind power had been elevated in status and was subsequently being seriously considered by national governments .
However, it soon became apparent that the OEEC was unable to provide financial assistance to the Wind Power Group, and so shortly before the April 1951 meeting the group was asked to continue the patronage of another organization. But such an international association never came into being at that time.
The government of each member country was asked to appoint a central national organization responsible for compiling, analyzing and disseminating published or unpublished information on the use of wind power in its territory. "
Source: "Edward Golding's Iinfluence on Wind Power", Wind Engineering Volume 19. No.6. 2005. Trevor J. Price.
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"Left to right: U.S. President Harry S. Truman, U.S. Secretary of State General George Marshall, Paul Hoffman and Averell Harriman discuss the Marshall Plan in the Oval Office, November 29, 1948." Photo: Abbie Rowe / Wikimedia Commons
After World War II, several nations feared that fossil fuels would run out before the year 2000. During the war, many countries had problems obtaining fuel for their coal and oil-fired power plants. In the following years, Denmark, among others, began testing alternative energy sources for electricity, including windmills.
In 1947, engineer Johannes Juul, employed by the SEAS electric company, tested blade profiles for a turbine that would drive an asynchronous generator to produce alternating current for the power grid. Until now, wind power in Denmark has been used to supplement the electricity production of several direct current systems.
At the suggestion of the OEEC meeting on wind power in Paris in 1950, the Danish Electricians' Association founded a national wind power committee.The members of the wind power committee included: power plant directors, S.M. Buhl from SEAS and W. Hanning from Frederikshavn Elvaerk, the wind turbine manufacturers H. Lykkegaard from Lykkegaard and Borge Vester from F.L. Smith and co. With the construction of the experimental wind turbine Vester Egesborg in 1950, Johannes Juul also received a seat on the wind power committee.
In 1952, the Wind Power Committee decided that a larger 100-200 kW wind turbine should be built in Denmark based on the Juul experimental Vester Egesborg and Bogoe turbines. As early as May 1952, the committee submitted an application to the Danish state for financial support for the construction of a large experimental turbine and in 1953 expanded the wind power committee to include a subcommittee consisting of professors from the Danish Technical University: Mehldahl and Ramboll.
Financing the construction of the Gedser wind turbine, via the Danish state and the Marshall Plan
In 1954, the Wind Power Committee received 300,000 DKK (an amount set aside by the Danish state equal to the value of gifts received from the United States after the war) from the Marshall funds for further experiments with wind power in Denmark. In 1957, the 300,000 DKK was supplemented by 225,000 DKK so that measuring stations could be set up at various locations in Denmark and measurements could be carried out on the planned experimental mill. In total, the Danish state decided to allocate 525,000 DKK for the Danish wind turbine experiments in the 1950s, but the new nuclear power research center in Risoe was allocated 150 million DKK in 1955. DKK. The construction of large coal-fired power plants and an extensive high-voltage network, which required tens of millions of dollars, was also partially financed with Marshall funds.
Source: "Gedsermøllen - banebrydende dansk vindmølleteknologi i 1957" - Kapitler af Vindkraftens Historie i Danmark", 2005.
Jytte Thorndahl, Energy Museum.
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Foto: Andel Elmuseum
Regular operation began in 1958, and in the first year of operation the Gedser wind turbine fed 356,920 kWh of electrical energy into the power grid.
Last but not least, it also received international attention and served as a model for a British test facility (Matthias Heymann: History of wind energy use 1890-1990. Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 315.) It also ran very reliably; No major damage occurred to her for eleven years. (..)
After the situation changed in the 1970s as a result of increased fuel prices and the energy debate, the Gedser Wind Turbine was re-constructed from November 1977 to March 1979 as part of a NASA test series for the US wind energy program.
Source:
de.wikipedia.org
Next in the website menu bar:
1977 - NASA's Test Runs
for the US Energy Program.
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